基础油价格波动原因分析

Analysis of the Fluctuations in the Base Oil Prices

基础油的市场价格受到原油价格、加工工艺操作费用、环保法规、市场供需关系、配套添加剂的研发费用等影响。原油价格上涨和高品质基础油需求旺盛是造成近期国际市场基础油价格总体较大幅度上升趋势的主要原因。基础油的发展与汽车制造、润滑油添加剂配方、政府法规等密切相关。在内燃机油方面,2004年美国、欧洲和日本分别出台了新法规。目前,适应日益严格的排放标准、提高燃料经济性、延长换油周期和设备寿命已成为汽油机油、柴油机油以及自动传动液、车辆齿轮油等油品规格发展的趋势。这一发展趋势促使润滑油调合企业增加对高品质加氢基础油的需求,对传统基础油制备工艺进行限产,增加或扩建基础油加氢工艺。

The market price of base oil is affected by the crude oil prices, expenses related to processing technologies and operation, laws and regulations on environmental protection, market supply and demand, and the expenses incurred for the R&D on matching additives. The hike in the crude oil prices, coupled with the increasing demand for high-grade base oil, has lead to the sharp rise in base oil prices in the international market. The base oil development has much to do with motor vehicle production, lubricant additive compounding and governmental laws and regulations. The USA, the EU and Japan all have unveiled their new regulations on internal combustion engine oil in 2004. To achieve increasingly strict emission standards, increase the economy, prolong their service life and that of the equipment, has emerged as the new trend towards which gasoline, diesel oil, automatic transmission fluid and gear oil are developed, which will galvanize lubricant producers into increasing their demand for high-grade hydro-treated base oil, limiting the production of traditional base oil, and upgrading or expanding the base oil hydro-treating process.