蛋白质糖基化分析方法及其在蛋白质组学中的应用

Progress in Methods of Glycosylation Analysis and its Related Application in Proteomics

作为一种普遍存在的翻译后修饰,糖基化对蛋白质的结构和功能有着重要影响。弄清糖基化发生发展的规律是理解蛋白质复杂多样的生物功能的一个重要前提。糖基化发生的特点决定了糖基化相关研究是对分析技术的一大挑战。作为蛋白质组学研究的重要组成部分,目前蛋白质糖基化研究的重点和难点主要集中于糖蛋白/糖肽的分离富集和糖蛋白的鉴定/糖基化位点的确定2个方面,相关技术已用于蛋白质组学水平的糖基化研究,但都还不够成熟。以生物质谱为核心、多学科交叉的蛋白质组学技术始终处于不断发展之中。基于糖基化发生规律的富集检测技术的发展、移动质子理论的提出及电子捕获裂解技术的应用必将极大地促进包括糖基化在内的翻译后修饰研究。蛋白质糖基化的研究有助于从基因组-蛋白组-糖组这样一个宏观的综合的水平观察分析生命现象,从而达到对生命现象更本质的认识。

Protein glycosylation as one of the most common covalent posttranslations has a significant effect on the structure and functions of proteins. It is essential to decipher the rules of glycosylation before a full comprehension of the diverse functions of proteins could be obtained. The characteristics of glycosylation poses a tremendous challenge to related analysis. As a part of the undergoing proteomics glycosylation research mainly focus on two disciplines i.e. enrichment of glycoproteins/glycopeptides and identification of glycoproteins/location of glycosylated sites. Some related methods have been used in the sense of proteomics but each is far to mature. Proteomics related techniques with bio-mass spectrometry in its core are in a precess developing all along. Methods based on laws of glycosylation for glycoproteins/glycopeptides enrichment and detection are emerging and representing for a attractive direction. The newly introduced mobile proton model about gas-phase fragmentation and ECD technique for peptide/protein ion fragmentation may have a dramatic impact on the research in protein posttranslations including glycosylation. Advancement in glycosylation will help to understand complex life system with the concept of genome-proteome-glycome and lead to a more essential comprehension