转基因改良水稻抗稻瘟病的策略及其进展

Stratages and Advances in Improving Resistance to Rice Blast by Transgenic Approaches

稻瘟病是由子囊菌引起的广泛发生在世界各水稻产区的主要真菌病害。由于病原菌致病性的高度分化,使得对稻瘟病很难控制和防治。长期实践证明,培育抗病品种是稻瘟病抗病育种的主要目标。随着基因工程的发展,利用转基因技术导入外源基因改良稻瘟病抗性已成为一条新途径。现有研究表明,通过某些抗病基因、抗真菌蛋白基因、杀菌肽基因的克隆和转育,可以培育出获得对稻瘟病广谱抗性的水稻品种(系)。

Rice blast, which is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most devastating disease occurred in most rice growing areas worldwide. The high variability in pathogenicity of M.grisea isolates makes the control and management of rice blast difficult. Therefore, breeding rice cultivars resistant to the blast disease has been a major goal over several decades. Genetic engineering has emerged as an alternative approach to create blast-resistant rice. Recent researches have shown that the rice cultivars(lines) with broad-spectrum resistance will be produced, by transplanting some genes such as R genes, antifungal-protein genes and bactericidal-protein genes. As for this, this view summarises the improvement programmes from the utilization of the genes referred above.