底线伦理还是美德伦理?——兼论高校德育的价值取向

Rudimentary Ethics or Virtue Ethics in the College Moral Education

底线伦理和美德伦理是两种不同品性的伦理形态,处于社会伦理体系的不同层面。前者强调人们行为的合规则性,以社会调控、他律约束为实现机制;后者着眼于人的品质塑造,以自律与激励为其实现机制。高校德育应坚持美德伦理的价值取向,因为美德伦理既具有理论上的前瞻性和先导性,在实践上还具有与克服困难相联系的可实现性,能服务于我国高校德才兼备的人才培养目标,同时也体现了我国学校德育通盘一体的系统性和循序渐进的过程性。以美德伦理为取向的高校德育,要确立并强化大学生在美德养成上的动机意识、自爱意识和习惯意识。

The study reports that rudimentary ethics and virtue ethics are two different characteristic patterns of ethics at different levels of the social ethic system. The former emphasizes the behavioral rule-followed by means of social controls and heteronomy, and the latter focuses on personality cultivation through self-control and encouragement. The research also reveals that the college moral education should adhere to the value orientation of virtue ethics, because it is not only pioneering in theory but also feasible; it serves the objective of college education; and it also embodies systematization of school moral education and step-by-step progression in our country. The findings indicate that the college moral education oriented by virtue ethics should establish and enhance the awareness of motivation, of self-love and of habit in the process of virtue cultivation among college students.