论恩格斯如何扬弃“哲学基本问题”——兼论实践概念的主题性与非主题性

How Engels Sublated the “Basic Problem of Philosophy”

“哲学基本问题”在我国马克思主义哲学理解中一直被当作一个肯定的主题,并且认为它在恩格斯那里第一次得到了“科学的”表述。但是根据恩格斯的主要思想和论证方法以及马克思的有关旁证,我们认为“哲学基本问题”仅仅是恩格斯对以往哲学的一个总结或终结,并且这个“基本问题”最终在历史唯物主义的实践观点中被彻底扬弃了。马克思主义哲学对“哲学基本问题”的扬弃与马克思主义哲学对费尔巴哈等旧唯物论的超越是同一个问题。借助谢林的先验逻辑方法,有助于探讨实践概念之所以能够扬弃“哲学基本问题”的条件。

The “basic problem of philosophy” has always been an affirmative subject matter in the studies of the Marxist philosophy in our country and it has been thought that it was “scientifically” expressed by Engels. However, according to the major thought and ways of arguing by Engels as well as to the relevant evidence by Marks, we think that the “basic problem of philosophy” is only a summary and conclusion for former philosophies and in the viewpoint of practice the problem has already been sublated or synthesized in histosical materialism. Both of the sublation of the “basic problem of philosophy” and the transcendence of Feuerbach’s philosophy are of the same task in Marxist philosophy. Finally, we discuss and expound the condition by which the practice concept can sublate (synthesize) the “basic problem o philosophy” by employing Schelling’s method of transcendental logic .