骨盆原发恶性骨肿瘤的手术治疗

Surgical treatment for primary malignant pelvic tumors

目的探讨骨盆恶性肿瘤不同的切除、重建方式及并发症。方法1997年7月至2003年7月,收治骨盆原发恶性骨肿瘤患者76例,男47例,女29例。软骨肉瘤31例、尤文肉瘤15例、骨肉瘤7例、淋巴瘤3例、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例、血管外皮瘤1例、骨髓瘤3例、骨巨细胞瘤13例。根椐Enneking骨盆肿瘤分区,行Ⅰ区髂骨翼局部切除重建16例;Ⅲ区耻、坐骨局部切除9例;Ⅱ区髋臼周围肿瘤切除与髋臼重建30例(人工半骨盆8例、马鞍式关节7例、肿瘤骨灭活再植+人工髋关节置换6例及肿瘤刮除+骨水泥填充+人工髋关节置换术9例)及半骨盆截肢21例。随访时间为16个月～6年。结果(1)21例行半骨盆截肢术的患者中4例局部复发(19%),原因为肿瘤累及骶髂关节的骶骨侧。25例行Ⅰ区或Ⅲ区肿瘤切除的患者中7例局部复发(28%),主要原因是切缘离髋臼太近。21例行Ⅱ区肿瘤切除髋臼重建的患者中4例局部复发(19%),与肿瘤巨大、切除边缘可能残留肿瘤有关。(2)行Ⅰ区或Ⅲ区肿瘤切除的患者,术后行走功能基本正常。行Ⅱ区肿瘤切除髋臼重建的患者,术后2个月能正常坐与持拐行走,半年后部分患者步态接近正常。(3)3例死于围手术期并发症,其余患者术后症状缓解率为90%。12例出现伤口并发症,8例需手术治疗。结论骨盆肿瘤切除重建的原则是首先完整切除肿瘤,其次考虑功能?

Objective To discuss the techniques of tumor resection, pelvic reconstruction and postoperative management by reviewing the patients with malignant pelvic tumors in recent years. Methods 76 patients with primary malignant pelvic tumors were treated operatively between July 1997 and July 2003. The series comprised 47 males and 29 females. 31 cases were diagnosed as chondrosarcoma, 15 as Ewing sarcoma, 7 as osteosarcoma, 3 as lymphoma, 3 as malignant fibrohistiocytoma (MFH), 1 as hemangiopericytoma, 2 as myeloma, 13 as giant cell tumor(GCT). According to Enneking's division, the most common region of the primary pelvic tumor involved was region Ⅱ (51 cases), followed by region Ⅰ (16 cases) and region Ⅲ (9 cases). 16 cases were reconstructed with threaded pins and cement after resection of the ilium. 9 patients had local resection of pubis and ischium. 21 patients had hemipelvectomy. Among 30 patients with periacetabular tumors, 8 were reconstructed with hemipelvic prosthesis, 7 with saddle prosthesis, 6 with replantation of cauterized tumor bone and total hip arthroplasty, 9 with cemented total hip replacement after curettage of lesion. Results After 16 months to 6 years follow-up, among the 21 patients with hemipelvectomy, 4 patients had local relapse because the sacrum invaded by the tumors. 7 of 25 patients with lesions in regionⅠ or region Ⅲ had local relapse postoperatively due to the marginal incision to the acetabula. Among the 21 patients who had tumor resection and reconstruction in region Ⅱ, 4 had local relapse, 3 of which reconstructed with cauterized hemipelvis. As for functional recovery, all of the 25 patients with lesions in region Ⅰand region Ⅲcould walk postoperatively without assistance of a cane. 21 patients with acetabular reconstruction after resection of lesions in region Ⅱ could sit and stand normally and walked with a cane, some of them even had normal gait. Conclusion The major principle of treatment for primary pelvic tumor is that en bloc resection, only then the functional reconstruction of pelvic ring can be considered. Operators should be acquainted with advantages and shortcomings of different reconstructive methods of acetabulum to prevent the complications.