球囊导管阻断动脉控制肿瘤术中出血的可行性研究

Feasibility of major artery occlusion by balloon catheter dilatation to decrease blood loss during tumor resection

目的术中应用球囊导管阻断肿瘤近端大动脉后再切除骨肿瘤,探讨其对减少术中肿瘤出血的临床意义。方法2003年3月至2005年3月,对4例高位骶骨肿瘤(骨巨细胞瘤3例、脊索瘤1例)和4例髋区骨转移瘤(肺癌3例、骨肉瘤1例)患者施行肿瘤切除术。术中先用球囊导管阻断下腹主动脉或一侧髂总动脉,每次阻断动脉40～70min或间隔15～20min再阻断,后行肿瘤切除。结果阻断大动脉后,在分块切除及刮除骶骨肿瘤和边缘性切除股骨近端骨转移瘤时,出血极少,无须止血,有类似肢体手术中应用止血带的效果,全部病例在切除肿瘤过程中出血100～300ml。术野干净,解剖清晰,肿瘤边界易确定,肿瘤切除完全,肿瘤的术野污染小。手术全过程中,患者血压均平稳。结论应用球囊导管阻断肿瘤近端大动脉,再切除高位骶骨肿瘤和髋区肿瘤,可有效地减少术中出血,提高手术的安全性。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of abdominal aorta or common iliac artery occlusion by balloon catheter dilatation to decrease blood loss and promote operation safety during resection of sacral tumors and hip bone metastatic tumors. Methods From March 2003 to March 2005, 4 cases each of high level sacral tumors (3 of giant cell tumor and 1 of chordoma) and hip bone metastatic tumors (3 of lung cancer and 1 of osteosarcoma ) were resected after occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta or unilateral common iliac artery with balloon catheter dilatation in reducing intraoperative hemorrhage, the blocking time were 40 to 70 mins each with an interval of 15 to 20 mins. A balloon catheter was introduced through femoral artery at radiographic department one hour before the index operation. The balloon catheter was positioned proximal to the bifurcating of common iliac artery in lower abdominal aorta between superior mesenteric artery and renal artery confirmed by arteriography, or located in affected side common iliac artery. Results After the occlusion of abdominal aorta or unilateral common iliac artery, there was much less intraoperative hemorrhage (the amount of bleeding, 100 to 300 ml) and needed no hemostasis during the resection and curettage of the tumors. It possessed the similar effects as using the tourniquet in the operations of the extremities. The operating field was clean and the anatomic structures were exposed clearly. It was easy to define the boundary of the tumors and enable to perform complete tumor excisions and reduce contamination in the operative field. All the patients had smooth blood pressures during the operations. 1 case of sciatic nerve paralysis occurred in sacral giant cell tumor postoperation, but recovered 3 weeks later. Conclusion Occlusion of major blood supply arteries with balloon catheter dilatation can effectively reduce operative hemorrhage during the resection of sacral and hip tumors and it can promote the safety of the operations.