关于定金担保的几个问题

Some Questions on Deposit Guarantees

定金作为合同担保的一种方式,经常被加以运用,但由于现行法律这方面的规定较为简单,在实践中易产生理解上的分歧而导致诉讼。文章认为,关于定金担保的标的物,除金钱以外可以扩大至价值具有可度量性的有体物;关于定金合同的成立必须以主合同的成立为前提,主合同不成立,定金合同亦不能成立;关于违约金或定金罚则的选择,应根据合同的约定、违约形态、违约发生阶段或者当事人损失的大小等来加以选择;关于定金罚则的适用,则必须以定金合同的有效为前提,而定金合同的无效,又存在全部无效和部分无效等情形。

Deposit is applied as a model of guarantee sometimes. But many divarications were occurred and brought on litigation by the brief provision in the actual laws.This article maintains that the object of deposit should be extended to any of valuable and measurable tangible assets.The master contract has been established is the precondition of deposit contract,and where the master contract is not established, deposit contract shall also not be established.With regard to the choice between liquidated damages and deposit, it should depend upon the provision of contract,breach of contract modality,breach of contract phase or the damage of parties.With regard to the application of deposit, it should depend on the validity of the deposit contract.And the invalid deposit contracts can be divided into partially invalid and wholly invalid.