铁路运输业职工心理紧张特点

ABSTRACTS OF MAJOR ORIGINAL PAPERS Investigation on stressful life event and mental health level in staff and workers in railway transportation occupation

采用紧张性生活事件量表及症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０），对铁路运输职业中火车司机２１３名、列车员２０５名及调度员１３８名职工进行了调查。结果提示火车司机的环境噪音污染问题、列车员的学习问题，调度员的人际关系、家庭、婚恋问题的年心理紧张均值，显著高于中国常模。发现家庭主要成员患急重病是火车司机和列车员的高强高频事件；本人生活习惯改变是三组共有的中强高频事件；不安心本职工作，工作中遇到困难是火车司机、列车员的中强高频事件。结果还发现调度员所承受的年心理压力最高为２１．０１５，火车司机次之为１９．０４２，两组显著高于中国常模，列车员最低，为１１．９０２．同时还发现火车司机心理健康调查表中总苦恼水平最高，与另两组差异非常显著。

Using stressful Life Event Rating Scale(SLERS)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),the intensityand frequency of stressful life events and mental health level were investigated among 213 train drivers,205 attendants,and 138 dispatchers.In terms of annual average value of psychological tension, drivers scored significantly higher thanChinese norm in the item of environmental noise,attendants scored higher in lack of advanced training opportunity,anddispatchers higher in interpersonal relationship and family &loving affairs.Acute and severe illness in family memberswere found to be high-intensity and high-frequency event among drivers and attendants, and unsatisfying with presentjob and difficulties in work to be moderate-intensity and high-frequency. The results revealed that the total annual valueof psychological tension in dispatchers(21.02)and in drivers(19.04)were significantly higher than norm(12.94).The total scores of SCL-90 were 49,13 in dispatchers,67 in drivers and 47.45 in attendants.