一九五六年十月危机:中国的角色和影响——“波匈事件与中国”研究之一

The October 1956 Crisis: China's Role and Influence

苏共二十大以后,苏联与一些东欧国家的关系处于困境,波兰与匈牙利相继爆发了危机,赫鲁晓夫不得不求助于中共。尽管在危机处理的初期,中共来不及参与,但在决定从布达佩斯撤军和再次武装占领匈牙利的问题上,中国的意见起了主导作用。在危机处理的后期,苏联听从了中国的建议和主张,其结果是毛泽东既批判了苏联的大国主义,又保证了社会主义阵营的团结。波匈事件标志着中共在国际共产主义运动中的地位迈上了一个新台阶。

After the 20 th Congress of the Communist Party of Soviet Union, the USSR was on bad terms with some Eastern European countries. Crises broke out in Poland and Hungary; Krushchev turned to the Communist Party of China for help. Although the latter was not involved in the first stage of the crisis, it played a key role in the Soviet armies' withdrawal from Budapest and their second take-over of Hungary by force. In the later stages of dealing with the crisis, the USSR followed China's advice. Mao Zedong thus succeeded in criticizing Soviet chauvinism and maintaining the solidarity of the socialist bloc. The crisis in Poland and Hungary marked an improvement in the position of the CPC in international communist movement.