民权运动之前奏:杜鲁门当政时期的黑人民权问题

The Prelude to the Civil Rights Movement: A Study of African Americans' Civil Rights Issues during Truman Administration

杜鲁门当政时期的民权问题在民权史上具有重要历史地位,是1950—1960年代民权运动高涨的前奏。战后国际、国内环境的变化,国内社会力量的整合,黑人政治力量的崛起以及杜鲁门出人意料的个人作用,使黑人民权问题从社会边缘性问题成为全国性重大问题,并具有重大国际影响。总统民权委员会的建立,总统民权咨文的出台,武装力量和联邦政府行政部门中种族隔离的取消,在美国历史上都是第一次。联邦政府的行政部门和法院的民权立场发生重大变化,成为黑人民权事业的支持者。

On the eve of the climax of the US civil rights movement during the 1950—1960s, the Truman administration was an important period in the movement's history. In the changing national and international context, with the integration of domestic social forces, the rise of blacks as a political power, and the unexpected personal role of President Truman, the question of black civil rights was brought up as a national issue. There were many firsts in the US history during the period: the establishment of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, the release of the February 2 Message and the end of policies of discrimination in the armed forces and the federal government. With a shift of position, the administrative departments and courts of the Federal government became proponents of black civil rights.