以用户为中心的场景设计方法研究

Research on User-Centered Scenario-Based Design

图形用户界面(GUI)的可用性在于给用户的任务提供了有用的图形表示和操作,以使用户无须分心于那些不必要的交互和领域特征.然而,当前的GUI设计通常反映了系统的状态和操作,迫使人们学习和适应预定义的系统任务.以用户为中心的GUI设计旨在提高系统可用性,但是众多的以用户为中心的设计研究只给出一些设计准则和经验性的方法,缺乏对实际软件设计的可操作指导.基于场景的设计是GUI设计的有效方法,然而,场景本身并没给出好的实现以用户为中心设计的方法.该文在研究以用户为中心的设计和基于场景的设计的基础上,提出一种以用户为中心的场景设计方法,力图给出一种提高GUI可用性的更有效的方法.该方法的核心是:用场景描述方式来体现用户为中心的设计思想,并将其贯穿到系统开发的各个阶段,真正实现从用户的角度设计系统.最后以ATM机的界面设计为例说明使用该方法进行设计的有效性.

A usable Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides its users with presentation and manipulation of useful interactive graphics for their tasks at hand without becoming bogged down in accidental interaction and domain features. Current GUI design, however, often implicates the system's state and features, enforcing the users on learning and adapting predefined system tasks. User-Centred Design (UCD) for GUI aims at providing highly usability for the system. But most existed approaches on UCD provide only some empirical criteria without the operational guideline for the process of GUI design. In contract, Scenario-Based Design (SBD) is an effective method for the design process of GUI, which employs scenarios as a central representation throughout the entire system lifecycle. However, scenarios by themselves do not make a good starting point for UCD. User-Centered Scenario-Based Design, the purpose of which is to increase the effectivity for the usable GUI software. The core of this approach is that scenarios are used to describe the details of the design process, and all these descriptions are based on UCD, from the users' point of view and serves users. And a simple example about ATM is given to validate the effectiveness of the UCSBD.