云南澜沧县景迈古茶园生态系统植物多样性评价

Plant biodiversity assessment of the ancient tea garden ecosystem in Jingmai of Lancang, Yunnan

云南澜沧县境内的景迈古茶园是云南省现存面积最大的古茶园。本文应用植物学样地调查和农业生物多样性调查评价(HH-ABA)方法,在景迈古茶园内设置了78个20m×20m的样方,对植物多样性进行调查,并就古茶园的管理及资源利用等问题进行了问卷调查和农户访谈。研究结果表明,景迈芒景地区植物地理成分的热带性明显。在景迈古茶园中发现的珍稀濒危保护植物达15种,其中濒危种5个,易危种7个,稀有种3个,含国家三级保护植物11种。从古茶园、天然林、新式茶园3类生态系统的物种多样性分析来看,古茶园与天然林较为接近而比新式茶园高得多,因而在该区生物多样性的维护上起着非常重要的作用。古茶园的物种数按照生活型排序为草本>乔木>灌木>藤本>附生。与天然林相比,古茶园内乔木和灌木种类的比例减少,草本和附生(寄生)植物的比例大大增加,这与古茶园内乔木郁闭度及茶树的存在密切相关。农业生物多样性分析显示,不同村寨的物种丰富度和物种利用率均存在差异。6个村寨的农业物种丰富度指数的平均值为0.059,高于同纬度地区旱谷地和橡胶林,可见人们在古茶园管理中有意识地保留了可利用的物种。由于不同农户采取的管理措施不同,影响了古茶园内的植物多样性和古茶树的更新,因而使各农户的茶叶经济效益存在差别。古茶园生态系?

Ancient tea gardens in Lancang County, Yunnan Province are regarded as the provenance of the well-known Pu’er Tea. The ancient tea garden ecosystem is a typical example for the integration of conserva- tion and utilization of natural resources. In order to understand its role in biodiversity conservation, we con- ducted field surveys in 78 sample plots of 20 m×20 m, and surveyed 360 households using household-based agrobiodiversity assessment(HH-ABA) in two neighboring administrative villages, Mangjing and Jingmai, of Lancang County. The results showed that (1) the geobotanical components of Jingmai and Mangjing areas are of obviously tropical characteristics; (2) a large number of important species, including five endangered, seven vulnerable and three rare, are well protected in the ancient tea gardens. Among them, 11 species are listed in Category III of the State Protection List; (3) the plant diversity of ancient tea gardens is slightly lower than that of natural forests but much higher than that of normal tea gardens; (4) the life forms of plant species in the ancient tea gardens are as follows: herbs> arbors> shrubs> vines>epiphytes (including para- sites). Compared to natural forests, there are less arbors and shrubs and more herbs and epiphytes (including parasites) in the ancient tea gardens; (5) the analysis of agrobiodiversity revealed that there existed differ- ences in species richness and resource utilization extent from different villages. The average species richness index in the 6 villages is 0.059, which is higher than that of upland rice field and rubber plantation at the same latitude. The ancient tea gardens in this area play important roles in maintaining biodiversity. We sug- gest that local peoples’ knowledge and experiences on resource management should be well documented and encouraged, and effective conservation and reasonable utilization of ancient tea gardens would be achieved through training and demonstration with the participation of the local government, research institutions and farmers.