外科危重患者精神障碍的预防及护理对策

Prevention and nursing of critically illed surgical patients with psychonosema

目的:寻找对ICU内患者精神障碍的最佳处理方案和有效预防措施,使其对患者的伤害降低至最小程度。方法:试验组为2002年11月至2004年8月间收住ICU并具有发生精神障碍高危因素的危重患者1227例,对其进行精神障碍的重点观察,制定相应的护理措施,加强监护;对照组为2001年1月至2002年10月收住ICU的患者3535例,并采取常规的监护和治疗措施。结果:试验组发生精神障碍者42例,与对照组的76例相比其发生率降低49.71%;对试验组的42例精神障碍患者进行原因分析,并积极采取相应的镇静治疗等措施,取得了良好的效果,无一例出现严重并发症。结论:对收住ICU的患者常规进行精神障碍发生因素的分析,并对具有发生精神障碍高危因素的患者进行重点观察和预防是十分必要的。

Objective:To search the best treatment and utility precautionary measures to patients with psychonosema in SICU,and improve the prognosis of the patients. Methods:According to the treatment projecdt,4762 patients were classified into two groups:1227 experiment subjects and 3533 control subjects.Experiment subjects:We treated with proportional nursing intervention corresponding nursing measures and cared intensively for 1227 critically illed patients of high risk group of mind disorder from 11/2002 to 8/2004 in SICU.Control subjects:The same type patients in SICU from 1/2001 to 10/2002 were received conventional treatment. Results:There were 42 patients with mind discords in experiment subjects comparing to 76 in control subjects.The incidence rate was decreased to 49.71% in experiment patients.Significant effects in treating the 42 patients were achieved by analyzing the causes of mind disorder and took corresponding sedative measures.There were no psychonosema patients in experiment subjects suffering from severe complications. Conclusion:It is necessary to analyze the causes of psychonosema in ICU,to care intensively and to take precautionary measures of the patients with high risk of psychonosema.