空间信息分析技术

Techniques of spatial data analysis

在GIS技术日趋成熟和空间数据极大丰富的今天,通过分析空间数据探索空间过程机理正变得日益迫切。空间信息分析技术至少包括以下六个主要方面:(1)空间数据获取和预处理;(2)属性数据空间化和空间尺度转换;(3)空间信息探索分析;(4)地统计;(5)格数据分析;(6)复杂信息反演和预报。本文提出了解决具体应用问题一般的空间数据分析计算、结果解释和反馈程序。认为空间过程的一般共性和作为共同的研究对象,各种不同的方法技术最终可能导致空间数学(spatialmathematics)的产生,同时发展鲁棒的空间分析软件包对于普及空间数学是必要的。

GIS is a geo-referenced data based system for manipulating digital spatial and thematic data. Because of its unique properties of spatial data (spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity), there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms of spatial processes through exploring spatial data. The techniques of spatial analysis can be categorized into six groups: (1) generation of spatial data and its preliminary treatment; (2) spatialization of attribute data and scale transformation of spatial data; (3) visualization and exploration of spatial data; (4) geo-statistics; (5) analysis of lattice data; and (6) reversing information from complicated spatial data. To meet the real world solutions, a procedural diagram of spatial data analysis is suggested as below: (1) preliminary data treatment; (2) modeling; (3) solution; and (4) interpretation. Various techniques are being employed to investigate spatial processes, the identical study objective and some common characteristics of the study object may lead to the integration and convergence of the various approaches, and further the introduction of a general science: spatial mathematics. A same important issue is to develop robust spatial analysis computer packages for public uses.