试析市场经济的伦理基础

An Analysis of the Ethical Foundations of Market Economy

对自利行为假设的滥用,导致了当代经济学的贫困化,所以探讨市场经济的伦理基础是非常重要的。帕累托最优和博弈论的“囚徒困境”模型说明,市场经济“伦理不涉”的观点是错误的。经济伦理具有工具价值和工具理性,“一报还一报”的伦理策略和“以直报怨”的伦理思想,能说明合作产生的机制。经济伦理的建构与其他伦理的建构有所不同,它有内在价值评价和工具价值评价两个基本评价标准,必须应然和实然兼而有之。

Studying the ethical foundations of market economy is very important because the abuse of behavioural assumptions of self-interest results in the poverty of contemporary economics. First, this essay proposes the opinion that market economy which is “non-ethics” is wrong by Pareto’s optimality and Prisoners’ Dilemma in Game theory. Then this essay concentrates on discussing instrumental value and instrumental rationality that economic ethics ought to have: the ethical strategy of “Tit For Tat” and the ethical theory of “recompense injury with justice” demonstrate the mechanism of cooperation-occurring, which proves that ethical choices, will influence practical decisions. The construction of economic ethics is different from other ethical theories because it has two foundamental standards of evaluation i.e., intrinsic evaluation and instrumental evaluation and it should be both “to be” and “ought to be”.