古代中医教学与学习方法鉴析

The Teaching and Learning of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Ancient Times

中医的教育与中医的学术特点结合紧密。古代中医的教学法与学习法均有不少值得今人借鉴的内容。在教学上,古代注重论经讲解、指引自学、临床随诊等形式的结合,善于创设教具、实践基地为辅助,并以作文著书、综合考试为考查形式。在学习上,往往以诵记为先,同时要勤思勤问、勤于临证,还注重自学,讲求读书得法。在教与学的过程中,根据中医理论特点,意志专一、心悟为要和知常达变都是中医教育中要把握好的学习心理。

The teaching of Chinese medicine has close relation to its academic characteristics. Many teaching and learning methods of Chinese medicine in the ancient times are worth of being used for reference. In the teaching, the combination of explaining the classics, guiding the self-study, and following teachers in clinical practice were laid stress on in the ancient times. The establishment of teaching materials and practicing bases were taken as assistance. Writing compositions and comprehensive examination were applied for testing the students. In learning Chinese medicine, memorizing by recitation predominated, accompanying with frequently thinking and asking questions, and clinical practice. Self-study and the right way of reading were encouraged. According to the theoretical characteristics of Chinese medicine, concentration, comprehension, and being flexible are important psychology of study in the teaching and studying.