有色金属冶炼区铊(Tl)的水环境分布特征与环境对策——以大冶冶炼厂地区的东岗河为例

The Water-environmental Distributing Characteristics and Environmental Countermeasure of Thallium in the Area of Nonferrous Metals-smelting——Research in Donggang River in the Area of Daye, Hubei Province

以大冶冶炼厂地区的东岗河为例,分析有色金属冶炼区铊的水环境分布特征,结果表明:河水中的铊含量明显异常(严重污染区的平均含量为15.07ng/mL,远超过饮用水源水中铊的最高允许浓度0.1ng/mL),且与水体pH值、Cu2+、Pb2+等含量显著相关;铊与Pb等亲铜元素呈类质同像,宏观上与方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等伴生,因此后者成为研究区铊的重要来源。最后,对铊所造成的环境危害效应,提出相应的解决对策,并提醒人们提高对铊污染的警惕性以及加深对铊的研究。

This paper discusses the water-environmental distributing characteristics of thallium in the area of nonferrous metals-smelting, taking Donggang River for example. It is found that the content of thallium in the river is obviously unusual(the average content in the seriously polluted area is 15.07 ng/mL, much higher than 0.01 ng/mL, the highest permitted concentration of thallium in the drinking water source). The content of thallium in the river has a conspicuous correlation with pH of water and the content of Cu2+ and Pb2+.Usually, there are isomorphisms between thallium and chalcophile elements, such as lead; therefore,macroscopically, it becomes the associated mineral of boleslavite,blend,pyrite,chalcopyrite and so on, which are considered as the important sources of thallium in the area of research. Furthermore, this paper puts forward a related solution for harmful environmental effects and reminds people to be on guard against thallium pollution and to research more on it.