英国约克郡地区的喀斯特景观、土地利用与科研专用区

KARSTLANDSCAPE,LAND-USE AND SSSI IN THE YORKSHIRE DALES,ENGLAND

英国约克郡地区的冰川喀斯特以台地－谷地两大单元、地表─地下两大结构为特征。景观价值的多样性和地产权的多属性决定了土地的多功能、开发的多目的和利用的多层次。现代各种自然保护用地、养羊养牛业为主的畜牧用地和开采石灰石为主的采矿用地等在约克郡国家公园内虽有机地融为一体，但对喀斯特科研专用区（ＫＳＳＳＩ）构成威胁。最大的潜在威胁是采矿，其次是农业和各种教育、探险和旅游活动。因此，在确定喀斯特科研保护价值的基础上，应根据国家公园管理政策的特殊性，通过土地购买、设施配置、区界调整、接近控制和管理分区等措施对ＫＳＳＳＩ进行有效的保护与管理。

Glaciokarst of the Yorkshire Dales in England provide a very fair geomorphologicalbase with characteristics o f distinctive plateau-dale units and spectacularsurface-subsurface systems.The karst landscapes with many interesing value and specialland ownership led to overlapped functions of land,multiple purposes of development anddifferent levels of utilization.As a result,a mixture of conservative sites for science,educa-tion,recreation and tourism,sheep and cattle farnis,limestone qurries,ect.,occupy theYorkshire Dales National Park at present day,which gives rise to a wide range of potentialthreats to the karst SSSI.The major threats are from mineral extraction,agriculture,anddemands on education, recreation and tourism, Accordingly,conservation and manage-ment of the SSSI must be based on an understanding of conservation value of the karstlandscapes and management policy of the NationaI Park,and on the actions of land pur-chases,site facilities, border adjustment,access control and management by zoning.