从水质水量相结合的角度再论黄河的水资源

Integrated evaluation of water quality and quantity of Yellow River

建立了流域水资源数量与质量联合评价的方法,发展了可利用水资源量的概念和计算方法,以及水资源功能容量和水资源功能亏缺的概念和计算方法,提出了水环境功能容量和功能亏缺的概念和计算方法.根据黄河流域1997—1999年间主要水文站点逐月的水质监测数据、水文数据及各取水口逐月的取水量数据,对黄河流域的水资源进行了水质水量综合评价.结果表明,在1997、1998和1999年,黄河可利用的水资源总量分别为2 5 5 3 9×10 8m3、3 43 41×10 8m3和3 5 5 44×10 8m3,分别占总天然径流量的80 2 % ,78 2 %和82 0 % .黄河水资源功能容量和亏缺在这3年间的平均值分别为42 3 5 0×10 8m3,78 97×10 8m3.对主要污染指标CODMn来说,黄河的水环境功能容量和功能亏缺在这3年间的平均值分别为2 95 71 5 4kg和199 70kg ;对主要污染指标NH+ 4 N来说,平均值分别为3 774 2 6kg和113 0 8kg .因此,与CODMn相比,NH+ 4 N对黄河可利用水资源总量的影响更大.水资源功能容量和水环境功能容量均分别显著大于水资源功能亏缺和水环境功能亏缺,说明在绝大部分情况下。

An integrated water quantity and quality evaluation method has been set up for a river, and the integration concept of available water resources has been put forward. The concepts of water resources functional capacity and deficit have been developed, and the concepts of water environment functional capacity and deficit have also been put forward. Based on the monthly data of water quality and quantity as well as the withdrawals, an integrated evaluation of water quantity and quality have been conducted for the Yellow River. The results indicate that the total water resources availabilities were 25.5, 34.3 and 35.5 billion m^3 occupying about 80.2%, 78.2% and 82.0% of the total runoffs in 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. And the averages of water resources functional capacity and deficit were 423.50×10~8m^3 and 78.97×10~8m^3 in these three years, respectively. For the main pollution parameter-COD_(Mn),the averages of water environment functional capacity and deficit were 28321.94kg and 20.64kg in these three years; for the other main pollution parameter NH^+_4-N,they were 3439.30kg and 69.98kg, respectively. Therefore, the influence of NH^+_4-N on the total quantity of available water resources was more than that of COD_(Mn). Water resources functional capacity and water environment functional capacity were much higher than water resources functional deficit and water environment functional deficit, respectively. it suggests that actual water quality was better than the requirement of water resources function in most of the times.