草地生态系统中物种多样性、群落稳定性和生态系统功能的关系

Species diversity,community stability and ecosystem function ——extension of the continuous views

自20世纪70年代前,人们相信多样性比较高的群落增加生态系统的稳定性,到倾向于物种多样性与生态系统稳定性关系的探讨至近20年间,生物多样性与生态系统功能的关系及其内在机制成为生态和环境科学的中心问题。多样性的变化始终与生态系统功能的重要表现形式———生产力密切相关,同时也与许多其他影响生产力的因素相关。人们对于这一重大课题的认识不断有新的进展,同时争论的观点也不断延伸。1)考虑空间类型来揭示由环境因子引起的多样性与生产力之间的相关性;2)考虑时间尺度上物种多样性-生态系统的功能;3)非生物因素(放牧干扰、土壤养分)等环境因子、物种多样性动态和生态系统功能之间的交互作用的实验研究不断开展;4)在注重提高资源利用率的同时,应注意引起资源的过度开采,导致生物多样性的丧失,从而降低系统生产力。

Before 1970s, ecologists believed that more diverse communities enhanced ecosystem stability, preferring to discuss the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem stability, and in recent twenty years the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has become the core of ecological and environmental science Productivity not only have been influenced by diversity, but also affected by others which influenced productivity Several key advances have improved for this question and contentious views were extended increasingly 1) Different spatial scale perspectives on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have been highlighted 2) Different temporal scale perspectives on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have been considered 3) The studies were developed about the interrelation among non biological factors (grazing perturbation and soil nutrients), species diversity dynamic and ecosystem functioning 4) It is important to know if the resources were overexploited would lead to biodiversity losing and decreasing productivity of ecosystem