主运移通道控烃论

Main migration path controlling hydrocarbon theory

在中国石油工业发展史上,“源控论”和“复式油气聚集(区)带理论”对提高勘探成效、增加油气储量和产量发挥过非常重要的作用,是陆相盆地低—中勘探程度区有效的油气勘探理论。但在中—高勘探程度区却有许多局限性和不适应性,而含油气系统理论虽然是现阶段石油地质学研究的热点,但还不能有效地指导陆相盆地的油气勘探。针对陆相盆地中—高勘探程度区油气勘探的特点,笔者提出了一种新的油气勘探理论——“主运移通道控烃论”,即油气藏的空间分布位置和规模大小受连接有效烃源岩与圈闭的主运移通道类型、位置和输送能力等因素的控制。该文对“主运移通道控烃论”进行了较为系统地阐述,创立了油气主运移通道平面分布模式图,并建立了该理论的7种油气成藏模式。根据“主运移通道控烃论”,只要查明油气主运移通道的空间展布,就可以找到位于主运移通道内或附近的油气藏,并优选目标——油气藏进行钻探,这样,可以最大限度地降低油气勘探风险,提高钻探成功率,从而迅速提高油气勘探成效。

“Source-control theory” and “multiple oil-gas accumulative zones theory” are the efficient petroleum exploration theories in the areas of low-middle exploration degree in the continental basin. They have played very important roles in the enhancement of exploration efficiency and the addition of oil-gas reserves and output in the development history of China’s petroleum industry, but they have a lot of limitations and non-adaptabilities in the areas of middle-high exploration degree. In the light of the characteristic of oil-gas exploration in the areas of middle-high exploration degree in the continental basin, the authors put forward a new theory“main migration path controlling hydrocarbon theory”. The theory connotation is that the space distribution location and the scale of oil-gas reservoir are controlled by the type, location and transition ability of the main migration path. The theory is relatively systematically discussed in this paper, the plane distribution model scheme of the oil-gas main migration path is originated and the 7 types of oil-gas reservoir models formed based on “main migration path controlling hydrocarbon theory” established. So long as to ascertain the oil-gas main migration path, people can find out the oil-gas reservoirs located near or in the main migration path, and select a proper targetoil-gas reservoir to drill. In this way, the oil-gas exploration risk well be reduced greatly, the successful ratio of oil-gas exploration boosted maximally, and the oil-gas exploration effect enhanced promptly.