三交水稻的育种研究 Ⅲ.三交中晚稻主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传力分析

Study on Breeding of Three-way Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ⅲ. Analysis on the Combining Ability and Heritability of Main Agronomic Traits of Three-way Hybrid Rice in Mid-late Season Cropping

用4个纯合不育系菲A、中9A、金23A和珍汕97A,4个杂合不育系菲A协青早B、中9A协青早B、金23A协青早B和珍汕97A协青早B,3个恢复系752、测647和优米2号,按8×3NCⅡ交配设计,对16个性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明,所有性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。在播始历期、穗长、千粒重、结实率、有效穗数和剑叶宽等性状上,以加性效应占主导作用;而在株高、单株产量、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、着粒密度和剑叶角度等性状上,则以非加性效应为主。杂种的大多数农艺性状受恢复系的影响比不育系大得多,所以三交中、晚稻应重视恢复系的选择。各性状的狭义遗传力由大到小的顺序为播始历期、株高、剑叶宽、结实率、穗长、千粒重、剑叶长、有效穗数、粒长、粒形、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、粒宽、单株产量、着粒密度、剑叶角度。

Four homozygous CMS-lines FeiA, Zhong9A, Jin23A and Zhenshan97A and four heterozygous CMS-lines FeiA/XieqingzaoB, Zhong9A/XieqingyzaoB, Jin23A/XieqingzaoB and Zhenshan97A/XieqingzaoB, and three restorer lines 752, Ce64-7 and Youmi 2 were chosen to analyze the combining ability of 16 characters using NCⅡ design. The results showed that differences of both general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) were highly significant in all 16 characters. The additive variation was principally played an important role in heading date (HD), panicle length(PL),1 000-grain weight(TGW), seed setting rate(SSR), number of effective tillers per plant(NETP) and flag-leaf width(FW) while the nonadditive variation was larger in plant height(PH), grain weight per plant(GWP), filled spikelets per panicle(FSP), spikelets per panicle(SP),panicle density (PD) and flag-leaf angle(FA).The influence of restorer line on most characters in hybrids was heavier than that of sterile line. More attention should be paid for the selection of restorer lines in three-way hybrid breeding. The ~2_N ranged from high to low as DIH, PH, FW, SSR, PL, TGW, FL, NETP, GL, LW, FSP, SP, GW, GWP, PD and FA.