大银鱼和太湖新银鱼同工酶遗传组成的研究

The isozyme genetic structures in large icefish (Protosalanx hyalocranius) and Taihu Lake icefish (Neosalanx taihuensis)

应用水平淀粉凝胶电泳法,对采自内蒙古岱海、天津津南水库、天津黄港水库、天津于庄水库和江苏太湖的大银鱼Protosalanxhyalocranius共5个群体,以及采自太湖的太湖新银鱼Neosalanxtaihuensis1个群体的AAT、α-GPD、GPI、IDH、LDH、MDH、PGM和PROT进行了电泳分析。在大银鱼和太湖新银鱼中各检测出16个基因座位,若以最高基因频率小于0.99为判别基准,大银鱼和太湖新银鱼多态基因座位比例分别为0～12.5%和18.8%;若以小于0.95为判断基准,则大银鱼中没有多态基因座位,太湖新银鱼的多态基因座位比例为12.5%;两种银鱼平均杂合度预期值分别为0～0.0057和0.0178。大银鱼和太湖新银鱼在α-GPD-4、LDH-1、LDH-2、LDH-3以及PGM基因座位上存在种间差异。大银鱼群体间的Nei遗传距为0.000010～0.000103,大银鱼与太湖新银鱼间的Nei遗传距为0.2996～0.3019。与大多数鱼类相比,银鱼的遗传变异程度较低。

Genetic structures and genetic markers of aspartic acid transaminase (AAT), glyceraldehydes phosphate dehydrogenase(α-GPD), glucose-1-phosphate isomerase(GPI), isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), phosphoglucomutase(PGM) and myogen (PROT) were examined in five populations in large icefish Protosalanx hyalocranius and one population in Taihu Lake icefish Neosalanx taihuensis by starch gel electrophoresis. The results showed that 16 loci were observed both in large icefish and Taihu Lake icefish, respectively. The proportion of polymorphic loci were 0-12.5% in large icefish and 18.8% in Taihu Lake icefish on the basis of 0.99 criterion of polymorphism; the proportion of polymorphic loci were 0 and 12.5% in two species on the basis of 0.95 criterion of polymorphism. Expected heterozygosity were 0-0.0057 and 0.0178 in two species. Five totally different loci:α-GPD-4 *, LDH-1 *, LDH-2 *, LDH-3 and PGM * were found between large icefish and Taihu Lake icefish. The Nei'genetic distances were 0.000 010-0.000 103 in large icefish, and 0.2996-0.3019 between two species, indicating that the genetic diversities were relatively lower in large icefish and Taihu Lake icefish.