初治空洞肺结核54例临床分析

The clinical analysis on 54 cases of cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis of initial treatment

目的探讨初治空洞性肺结核的临床特点及短程化疗效果。方法回顾性分析54例初治空洞性肺结核的临床资料。结果54例患者中发热49例,咳嗽50例,乏力、盗汗32例,白细胞总数升高40例,痰涂片结核菌阳性17例。X线胸片表现为单发、薄壁、干酪性空洞46例,病变累及3个以上肺野40例。完成6个月化疗后,病程10～30d者空洞治疗有效率77.8%(28/36),病程30～60d者空洞治疗有效率44.4%(8/18)。结论初治空洞肺结核多有典型的结核中毒症状,X线胸片以单发、薄壁、干酪性空洞为主,病变累及多个肺野,早期治疗有利于空洞吸收。

Objective To explore the clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis cavities of initial treatment. Methods Fifty-four cases of pulmonary tuberculosis cavities were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 54 patients , 49 cases with fever (90.7%), 50 cases with cough (92.6%), 32 cases with weakness and night sweat (59%) , 40 cases with blood count rising (74%), 17 cases (74.1%) were sputum smear positive. The X-ray film showed in 46 cases (85%) with thin-walled ,caseous cavity. Forty cases with lesions over 3 lung fields (74.1%) .At the end of 6 months, cavity curative effect rates were 77.8%(28/36) and 44.4%(8/18) in the patients with the course of diseases of 10～30?d and 30～60?d respectively. Conclusion Major cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis patients of initial treatment had typical clinical appearance. Single, thin-walled,caseous cavity and multiple lung fields involved were common in chest X-ray. Early treatment was of benefit to the closing of cavities.