应对效能:问卷的编制及理论模型的建构

DESIGNING OF COPING EFFICACY QUESTIONNAIRE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THEORY MODEL

对应对效能的测量研究抽取了1806名高校大学生样本,另对某戒毒机构中30人的吸毒特殊人群进行了比较研究。结构方程建模的验证性研究证实了应对效能的存在及其重要作用:应对效能区别于一般自我效能,在对躯体症状、抑郁和焦虑的作用中,以及对严重突发性事件如对可能出现的SARS的应激反应的作用中,发挥更重要的作用;应对效能发挥作用的机制表明它是一个独立的更为稳定的变量。根据应对效能的理论假设编制的量表有良好的信度与效度。其克伦巴赫α系数为0. 86,分半信度0. 79,相隔两个月63个被试的重测信度为0. 71。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析揭示应对效能主要由三个因素构成,即自信程度、认知水平、胜任力的知觉。问卷的聚合效度与区分效度也比较满意。30个人的吸毒者与一般正常人的比较提供了实证效度的证据,应对效能能够有效区分吸毒人群与一般正常人群。以全国大学生的样本,建立了应对效能量表的常模。

Selected 1806 university students as one sample to measure the coping efficacy, and compared with another sample, composed of 30 adults who were drug addicts. The confirmative research of structural equation modeling validated that the coping efficacy existed and played an important role: the coping efficacy was different from the general efficacy, which had more important effect on body symptom, depression and anxiety, and the stress of the critical incident (such as SARS). The effecting mechanism of the coping efficacy indicated it was an independent and steady variable. The coping efficacy questionnaire had favorable reliability and validity, The Cronbach α coefficient is 0.86, the split-half coefficient is 0.79, stability reliability of 63 Ss after two months is 0.71. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis discovered the coping efficacy was composed of three factors, which were self-confidence degree, cognition level, competence perception. Convergent validity and discriminate validity were confirmed too. 30 adult drug addicts were compared with the normal people. The result offered the evidence of confirmative validity. At the same time, the norm of the coping efficacy questionnaire was established in this research.