褐飞虱唾液中诱导水稻释放挥发物的活性组分研究

Studies on active chemicals in the saliva of the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) that elicit the production of rice volatiles.

行为生测表明在褐飞虱的头部磨碎液中存在诱导水稻释放引诱稻虱缨小蜂挥发物的活性组分,这些活性组分主要属于蛋白质类.在-15～-20℃条件下褐飞虱头部磨碎液的生物活性,至少可保持38d,但72d后全部丧失.褐飞虱唾液中存在的α葡萄糖苷酶、β葡萄糖苷酶、α淀粉酶和β淀粉酶等4种主要酶类中,仅β葡萄糖苷酶所处理的稻株挥发物能明显地引诱稻虱缨小蜂.褐飞虱头部磨碎液、磨碎液中的蛋白质以及β葡萄糖苷酶等处理稻株的挥发物与褐飞虱雌成虫为害株的挥发物对稻虱缨小蜂的引诱作用无明显差异.挥发物提取、分离与鉴定的结果表明,褐飞虱头部磨碎液、头部磨碎液中分离的蛋白质类以及β葡萄糖苷酶等处理所诱导释放的水稻挥发物与褐飞虱雌成虫为害株所释放的挥发物组成相似.这些结果表明褐飞虱唾液中的蛋白质类,尤其是β葡萄糖苷酶在褐飞虱诱导的水稻挥发物释放中起着重要作用.文中还就褐飞虱唾液中可能存在的各类活性组分及其可能的作用机理进行了讨论.

Active chemicals were found to be present in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens head extract that induced rice plants to release volatiles attractive to Anagrus nilaparvatae, an egg parasitoid of N. lugens and were shown to belong mainly to proteins. The activity of the extract was lost when stored at -15--20℃ for 72days, but it was retained for at least 5 weeks. Among volatiles emitted from rice plants that were wounded and treated with either α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, or β-amylase, which are the four main enzymes present in the saliva of N. lugens, only were volatiles emitted from β-glucosidase-treated plants capable of attracting the parasitoid. The parasitoid showed no preferences for volatiles released from N. lugens-damaged plants compared to those from plants that were wounded and treated with either N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase. Volatiles released from rice plants that were elicited by N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase were similar to those from N. lugens-infested plants. These results suggest an important role of proteins, especially β-glucosidase in the saliva of N. lugens in the production of N. lugens-induced rice volatiles. The possible nature of the active chemicals in the saliva of N. lugens and the potential mechanism by which they induce volatiles production were discussed in the paper.