三倍体西瓜种子萌发障碍及吸水促萌技术研究

Study on Germination Barriers and Hydropriming Treatment of Triploid Watermelon Seeds

为克服三倍体西瓜种子的萌发障碍,采用过氧化氢结合吸水促萌技术处理了6个无籽西瓜品种。种子用0.1%过氧化氢、水、水加气浸泡2h,并在饱和相对湿度下保持24h、34h和48h后回干,3种处理都显著提高了种子的萌发速度和萌发能力,发芽率分别提高了38%～56%,过氧化氢浸种结合34h和48h培养为最佳处理组合。吸水促萌提高了所有参试品种的萌发能力,提高程度从14%至66%因品种而异。促萌后的种子用适当的速度回干保存后仍能保持促萌效果。用软-X射线对无籽西瓜种子和胚结构的分析表明,萌发障碍的形成主要与种皮有关,吸水促萌提高了种胚的活力,克服了种皮造成的萌发障碍。

For overcoming germination barriers of triploid watermelon seeds, six cultivars of triploid watermelon seeds were designed to hydropriming by soaking in 0.1% H2O2 aerated water or water for 2 h following 24 h, 34 h and 48 h of incubation at saturated relative humidity. Germination viability and seedling growth rate of the seeds significantly increased by 38%-56% in hydropriming treatments. The germination percentage of the six cultivars increased in various degrees from 14% to 66% according as different cultivars. The 34 h and 48 h of incubation hydropriming combined with H2O2 treatment showed the best result. The beneficial effects of hydropriming were maintained as dehydration after primed seeds were redried to original moisture content and stored. The investigation of seed and embryo structure with soft X-ray indicates that germination barriers of triploid watermelon are seedcoat related, and that hydropriming can overcome these barriers.