甘肃省水资源足迹与消费模式分析

Analysis of water footprint and consumption pattern in Gansu Province

阐述了水资源足迹的概念和计算方法,以甘肃省为例,运用产品虚拟水研究方法核算并分析了1989-2003年的水资源足迹及其变化。结果表明,1989年以来甘肃省全社会的水资源足迹总量基本稳定在220亿～240亿m3/a,总体上呈现微量的下降趋势,人口增加和消费水平提高并没有增加对水资源系统在数量上的压力。从消费模式分析看,随消费结构多样化的增加,人均虚拟水消费量呈现不断下降的趋势,因而,增加消费结构的多样性有利于减少对水资源系统的压力。讨论分析了水资源足迹核算的意义,指出了进一步研究需要注意的问题。

Increasing shortage of water resources is an uncontroversial fact with the population growth and the economy development in Gansu Province of Northwest China. How to alleviate the pressing of water resource is a major issue faced by decision-makers. Water footprint research explores a new viewpoint to water resource management. In this paper, Gansu Province is taken as a case study to investigate the variation of water footprint and its relationship with the consumption pattern variation since 1989. The results indicate the virtual water consumed almost decreases year by year. Regardless of some degraded water environment, the results show that the water footprint doesn't increased as expected, or even remains at 220 × 108 - 240 × 108 m3/a, while the population increases, the economy scalesup and the consumption level goes up. The paper also inspects the relationship between the virtual water consumption, the water footprint and the consumption pattern variation since 1989, using the Shannon-Weaver equation. We find that the increase of the consumption diversities can reduce the water footprint, and lessen the stress of water resource system. Some policy implications of the water footprint and the consumption patterns are discussed in the last section.