我国西部地区眼库建设的现状分析

Analysis of current status of eye bank construction in Western China

目的 探讨和分析我国西部地区眼库建设的现状。方法 向四川省、云南省、贵州省、广西壮族自治区、西藏自治区、陕西省、甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区、青海省、新疆维吾尔自治区、内蒙古自治区及重庆市的眼科学分会和眼库进行问卷调查,收集2003年3月以前的眼库数量、眼库设备与角膜保存方法、眼库经费来源、技术人员、1999年1月至2003年3月眼库的宣传活动和获得捐献角膜的数量、以及眼库存在的困难等。结果 西部地区眼库建设现状为: (1)以省、自治区或直辖市为单位计算,西部地区中有6个省、自治区或直辖市共建立8所眼库,眼库的平均覆盖率为50%,重庆市和陕西省各有2所眼库,四川省、云南省、甘肃省和新疆维吾尔自治区各有1所眼库。其余6个省或自治区未建立眼库。(2)所建各眼库均有的设备:超净工作台、裂隙灯显微镜、冰箱、液氮罐。8所眼库配备有角膜内皮显微镜5台、计算机6台。采用的角膜内皮活性保存方法为湿房和中期保存液保存,非活性保存方法为甘油脱水或深低温全眼球冷藏保存。(3)眼库经费来源包括政府的、医院的、国际奥比斯组织等的资助。(4)眼库技术人员:重庆市眼库和西安市眼库各配有2名专职人员,四川省眼库、第三军医大学眼库、西安交通大学附属第二医院眼库各配有1名专职技术人员。

Objective To evaluate the current status of eye bank construction in Western China. Methods The numbers of eye banks, equipments of eye banks, methods of donor cornea preservation, fund for managing eye banks, technicians of eye banks, and difficulties in the construction of eye bank were surveyed by questionnaires from ophthalmology associations and eye banks in the following provinces and city: Sichuan province, Yunnan province, Guizhou province, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Tibet autonomous region, Shanxi province, Gansu province, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, Qinghai province, Xinjiang Weiwuer autonomous region, Neimonggu autonomous region, and city of Chongqing before March 2003, and the numbers of eye banks and donor corneas obtained from January 1999 to March 2003 were also included in the study. Results The current situation of eye bank construction in Western China showed: (1) There were total 8 eye banks in 6 provinces among the 12 provinces and city of Western China. The mean coverage rate of eye bank in Western China was 50%. There were two eye banks in Chongqing and Shanxi separately, one eye bank in Sichuan,Yunnan, Gansu and Xinjiang respectively. (2) The fundamental equipment of each eye bank included super-clean worktable, slit-lamp microscope, refrigerator, and liquid nitrogen jar. There were 5 specular microscopes and 6 computers in the 8 eye banks of Western China. The moist chamber and medium-term corneal preserving medium were used as short term and medium-term storage methods to keep the endothelial cell survival of donor cornea. As a long term preservation of corneal donor,glycerine dehydration and deep low temperature were still used regularly.(3) financial support of eye bank was from hospital, government assigned fund, international Orbis organization and etc.(4) There were only one or two technicians in majority of the eye banks investigated in the study. (5) From January 1999 to March 2003, community education regarding to donation of eye was carried out forty-two times. During the same period, the donated cornea was added up to 156, and 126 of them were used in clinical transplantation. The difficulties in the construction of eye banks in Western China included: the amount of donated cornea was not enough; the technical exchange and cooperation between the eye banks were little; the patients could not afford the cost of transplantation surgery. Conclusions The current situation of eye bank construction in Western China was behind that of rest areas in China, and the development of eye banks in Western China was not equal.