百望山土壤动物群落结构在枸树落叶分解中的变化

Fluctuation of Soil Fauna Community in Baiwangshen during Paper Mulberry Leaf Litter Decomposition

20 0 2年4～1 1月,采用凋落袋法(5mm、1mm和1 3 0 0mm)对北京百望山土壤动物群落结构在枸树(Broussonetiapapyrifera)凋落叶分解过程中的动态变化进行了研究。在5 6只分解袋中,共采集到土壤动物3 3 2 2只(未知1 7只) ,隶属5门1 2纲2 5目1 9科,其中摇蚊科(Chironomidae)、盲蛛目(Opiliones)、圆跳科(Sminthuridae)、等节跳科(Isotomidae)、棘跳科(Onychiuridae)、长角跳科(Entomobryidae)、蜱螨目(Acariformes)为优势类群。土壤动物以杂食性和植食性为主。3种凋落袋中,土壤动物总类群数和个体总数均5mm >1mm >1 3 0 0mm ,并且前两者分别在1 0月份或7月份达到最大值。土壤动物多样性随月份变化幅度较大,多样性变化与反映群落变化的个体数量、类群数以及均匀性指数的变化不一致。鼠妇科(Porcellionidae)在凋落物中集聚的时间最长,后孔寡毛目(Oligochaetaopisthopora)集聚的时间最短,分别为1 2 48和8 0 0个月。

Fluctuation of soil fauna community during Paper Mulberry leaf litter decomposition was investigated from April. to Nov. 2002 by litterbag(5mm,1mm and 1/300mm)method in Baiwangshan, Beijing. 3 322 individuals(17 unidentified) were collected from 56 litterbags, which belonged to 5 Phyla, 12 Classes, 25 Orders, 19 Familia. The most dominant taxa were Chironomidae, Opiliones, Sminthuridae, Isotomidae, Onychiuridae, Entomobryidae and Acariformes. Both omnivores and phytophage were dominant in Paper Mulberry forest litter. Both soil fauna individual and community were in order of highest to lowest: 5 mm>1 mm>1/300 mm in three mesh size of litterbags with the most at Oct. or Jul. respectively. The diversity of soil fauna was variable and not according to individuals, community and evenness. The colonized time of Porcellionidae was the longest and Oligochaeta Opisthopora was the last, which were 12.48 and 8.00 months respectively.