青海高原6－7岁小儿红细胞形态定量分析

QUANTITATIVE MORPHOMETRY OF RED BLOOD CELL IN CHILDREN AT HIGH ALTITUDE IN QINGHAIPROVINCE

应用计算机辅助形态测量系统，对我国青海高原贵南县（海拔３１００ｍ）、玛多县（海拔４３００ｍ）６－７岁小儿红细胞形态进行了定量分析。与北京市儿童（平原地区）相比，高原正常儿童细胞平均周长、面积、直径较平原对照组大，而红细胞平均厚度减小（Ｐ＜０．０１）。且红细胞平均周长、面积、直径与海拔高度呈正相关。红细胞平均厚度与海拔高度呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。在高原低氧状态下，红细胞形态的这种改变使红细胞比表面代偿性增加，这将更利于红细胞与周围的气体交换。红细胞形态的这种适应性改变具有重要的生理学意义。

The perimeter(P),area(A),diameter(D)of red blood cell(RBC) in healthy children living athighland in Qinghai province were measured by computer-assistant morphometric system. Thechildren from flatland(Beijing)were used as normal controls. It was shown that the mean values ofperimeter and area of RBC increased significantly in children living both at 3 200 meters and at4 300 meters(P<001),and so did the mean diameter in children living at highland when comparedwith controls(P<0.01).But the thickness(T)of RBC measured by mean corpuscularvolume(MCV) divided by area was much less in children living at highland than those living inflatland(P< 001).Moreover,there are strong correlations between the mean perimeter,area,di-ameter and living altitude(P< 0.0001,respectively),and a strong negative correlation between thethickness of RBC and living altitude. Since the MCV of RBC in highland residents has notsignificantly changed,it is suggested that the changed appearance of RBC in highland residents in-creases greatly the specific surface of RBC and promotes the transport of oxygen. It is assumedthat such adaptive changes should be a kind of compensatory mechanism of physiology.