北宋的官立地方学校

The Officially- Established Local Schools of the Northern Song Dynasty

官方设立的地方学校与普通私塾性质的学校不同,官立学校的创办目的在于直接培养出合格的政府官员,而一般私塾旨在教化民风,学生必须通过科举,才能步入仕途。因此,官立地方学校制度虽然得到了一定程度的完善,但是随着官吏选拔制度的变化,科举制的发展,到了中央集权制社会的中后期,已经走向了没落。以往研究北宋学校,偏重于对中央太学、三舍法以及学校与科举的关系等诸方面,而对地方学校的建立发展、经济来源等问题涉及较少。研究北宋政府设立地方学校的全貌对宋代教育理论研究有启示意义。

There exists the difference between the officially- establis he d local schools and the regular old- style private schools. The former ones we re to train the students directly into qualified officials, while the latter one s aimed to impart knowledge and educate people and the students there could get official positions only after passing the imperial examination (known as Ke Ju K ao Shi in old China) .The system of the officially- established local schools g ot improved to some extent, but with the selection system of government official s changing and the development of the imperial examination system, the officiall y- established local schools were on the wane during the middle and later peri ods of the centralized society. The forgoing researches on schools of the Northe rn Song Dynasty emphasized more on such aspects as schools run by the governme nt, methods of promotion by exams (known as San She Fa ), the relationship betwe en school and the imperial examination system, but had few references to the est ablishment and development of local schools and source of funds.