科技政治契约张力论——戈斯顿委托者-代理者理论模型分析

On Contractual Tension in the Space between Science-technology and Politics——An Analysis of Guston's Principal-agent Theory Mode

美国学者D .H .戈斯顿近来建立了科技与政治之间一种新的委托者-代理者理论模型。戈斯顿认为:委托代理契约关系是政治与科学间的基本关系;研究活动是依赖求实和效益而进行的;二战后的社会与科学的契约中假定,求实与效益是自由的科学的自动产品,它经受住了忠诚、财金责任及科学家技术目标的诉求;直到2 0世纪80年代,各种科学不端行为和跌落的经济绩效打破了政治与科学间的这种信赖,契约张力失调;为重构这种信赖和解决委托代理中的问题,科学家与非科学家须在新的边界组织中携手合作;灵活的体制设计可创建政治与科学间稳定的伙伴关系,协调科技政治间的契约张力。本文对戈斯顿委托者-代理者理论模型中的角色定位、求实和效益、边界组织等基本问题进行了阐述。

Recently, D.H.Guston has presented a mode of principal-agent theory between science-technology and politics. Guston considers: delegation relationship is the basic relation ship between politics and science; research activities are complemented by depending on integrity and productivity; after world war Ⅱ, a'social contract for science'assumed that integrity and productivity were the automatic products of unfettered scientific inquiry which has undergone the requirements of royalty, financial-monetary duty and scientist's technology aims; until eighties of 20th century, all kinds of science misconducts and the falling economy achievements and results break the trust between politics and science. In order to reconstruct this trust and salute the problems of delegation, scientists and non-scientists must collaborate in new boundary organizations; flexible system design can create steady partnerships between politics and science.