优秀运动员的营养状况和改善途径

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ELITE ATHLETES AND ITS IMPROVEMENTS

为了解我国优秀运动员当前的营养问题，我们于１９８７年和１９８９年冬训期间对国家集训队１１个项目的４３６名运动员进行了营养生化检测和评定，取得了４０００多个数据，主要结果如下：１．运动员的血红蛋白水平；男女分别是１５．２±０．８和１４．０±０．９ｇ／ｄＬ。血清总蛋白含量：男女分别为７．１±０．６和７．０±０．４ｇ／ｄＬ。运动员的贫血和低蛋白血症的检出率显著减少。运动员的蛋白质营养状况显著改善。２．运动员血清总胆固醇水平：男、女分别是２０２±３２和２０１±３０ｍｇ／ｄＬ，甘油三酯分别是８７．４±１４．２和８８．５±１３．４ｍｇ／ｄＬ。高血清胆固醇的检出率分别为３９．７％（＞２００ｍｇ／ｄＬ）、１９．４％（＞２２０ｍｇ／ｄＬ）和８．７％（＞２４０ｍｇ／ｄＬ）。血清甘油三酯＞１２０ｍｇ／ｄＬ者有８．８％。３．运动员中血清镁浓度低于２ｍｇ／ｄＬ的人数占检测总人数的４．４％，而且低血清镁者多数为游泳运动员。低血清锌和铜的检出率为１５－２０％。运动员中维生素Ｂ１和Ｂ２营养处于不足水平者分别占５１．３％和３２．２％。血清维生素Ａ不足的有２１％。维生素Ｃ营养良好。运动员的元素或维生素不足多数为边缘性（或亚临床）的缺乏水平。４?

In order to find out the up-to-date nutritional status of elite athletes, we conducted the nutritional investigation including diet survey and the comprehensive nutritional biochemical evaluation in 436 athletes. The results were as follows:1. Average Hb and serum protein levels of athletes were 15.2±0.8 g/dL(male)and 14.0±0.9 g/dL (female),and 7.1±0.0 g/dL(male)and 7.0±0.4 g/dL (female) respectively. This result plus the status of dietary protein intake suggested that protein nutrition of athletes has been greatly improved.2. Serum cholesterol levels of athletes were 202±32 and 201±30 mg/dL and serum triglyceride concentrations were 87.4±14.2 and 88.5±13.4 mg/dL for male and female athletes respectively. Incidences of high cholesterinemia were 39.7% (>200mg/dL),19.4% (>220mg/dL),and 8.7% (>240mg/dL);and for high trigly ceridemia(>120mg/dL) was 8. 8%.3. Incidence of low serum magnesium(<2mg/dL ) was 4.4%,and most of the cases were swimmers. Incidence of low serum zinc or copper was 15-200%.51.3% of the athletes investigated were in vitamin B1 insufficiency or deficiency;32.20% in vitamin B2 and 21% vitamin A insufficiency or deficiency. However,most of the insufficiencies were at marginal and subclinical levels.4.Supplementation of vitamin B1 and B2 fortified food showed good results which suggested that supplements of specific nutritional adequately fortified food is an easy and desirable way to correct and improve the nutritional status of athletes.