头颈部游离组织瓣移植术后的血管危象及其处理

Postoperative vessel thrombosis and its management after free flap transfers in head and neck region

目的探讨头颈部游离组织瓣移植术后的血管危象及其处理方法。方法1999年5月至2004年11月由同一手术小组完成的连续803例患者的849块头颈部游离组织瓣移植,对其中术后出现血管危象的患者和游离瓣作回顾性分析,分析血管危象发生的时间、血管危象的类型、处理及游离瓣的成活情况。结果本组共有27例患者的28块游离瓣术后出现血管危象,占全部游离瓣的3.3%。出现血管危象的时间为术后8～120h,其中动脉危象5块,静脉危象23块。13块游离瓣经紧急手术探查和重新吻合血管后获得成活,其余15块游离瓣坏死,故本组游离瓣的抢救成功率为46.4%,游离瓣的总体成活率为98.2%。结论头颈部游离瓣移植术后的血供监测十分重要,临床观察是目前游离瓣移植术后可靠的监测方法。早期发现血管危象并尽早行手术探查是挽救游离瓣惟一有效的方法。

Objective To analyze the rate of postoperative vessel thrombosis and its management after free tissue transfers in head and neck region. Methods Eight hundred and forty-nine consecutive free flap transfers were performed from May 1999 to September 2004. Among them, the flaps with postoperative vessel thrombosis were selected and reviewed. Data concerning each case included time of vessel thrombosis, kind of thrombosis, time of emergent exploration, and salvage of free flaps. Results Among the 849 free flaps, postoperative vessel thrombosis occurred in 28 free flaps, between 8 to 120 hours after operation. There were 5 arterial thrombosis, and 23 venous thrombosis. Thirteen flaps were salvaged after emergent exploration, and 15 flaps were lost. The rate of postoperative vessel thrombosis was 3.3% in this group, the salvage rate of flap was 46.4%, and the overall successful rate was 98.2%. Conclusion Clinical monitoring after free flap transfer in head and neck region is very important and effective. In case of vessel thrombosis, emergent exploration is the only effective way to salvage the flap.