胎盘间充质干细胞研究进展

Progress of Study on Placenta Mesenchymal Stem Cells ——Review

近年来,随着人们对间充质干细胞(mesenchymalstemcell,MSC)生物学特性及功能的深入研究,已成功地从人骨髓、外周血、肌肉、脂肪、脐血、羊水及胎儿组织中分离并鉴定出MSC。胎盘作为胚胎发育中维系母体和胎儿氧气及营养物质交换的重要暂时性器官,由起源于细胞滋养层和胚外中胚层的胎儿丛密绒毛膜和母体子宫基蜕膜共同组成,无论从解剖结构还是在发育行为上,都包含了较为幼稚的胚胎及趋于成熟的成体干细胞成分;胎盘在胎儿娩出后即完成使命,成为“废弃”物,对其研究不会涉及伦理道德问题,因此目前已成为寻找人类间充质干细胞新来源及提高临床应用效果的研究热点。本文就胎盘MSC的来源、分离、特征及可能的应用前景作一综述。

Recently mesenchymal stem cells have been successfully obtained from various sources of human body, including bone marrow, compact bone, peripheral blood, adipose tissue, cord blood, amniotic fluid and other fetal tissues. Placenta, as a temporary organ keeping substance exchange between mother and fetus, consisted of decidua basalis and chorion frondosum, which derived from cytotrophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm, thus involved both primary embryonic cells and adult stem cells. As a castoff after parturition, along with the ease of accessibility, lack of ethical concerns, placenta may be an attractive source of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells for basic and clinical application. Therefore, the origin, isolation, characteristics and potential uses in future therapy are mainly reviewed in this paper.