成人纵隔淋巴结结核CT增强表现及其病理对照观察

Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults: constrast-enhanced CT features and pathologic findings

目的评价成人纵隔淋巴结结核CT增强表现及其病理对照观察。方法对39例经过手术、纵隔镜、穿刺活检证实的纵隔淋巴结结核患者共180个淋巴结进行影像学分析,其中男20例,女19例,年龄16～67岁,中位年龄26岁。所有病例均做CT增强扫描。结果根据病灶强化形态学特征分为5种强化类型:(1)不均匀强化占28.3%(51个),病灶最大直径4.5cm;(2)环形强化占26.1%(47个);(3)均匀强化占25.0%(45个);(4)无明显强化占14.4%(26个);(5)分隔样强化占6.11%(11个)。病理观察,淋巴结强化类型与病灶实质内含血管的肉芽组织和干酪坏死灶的分布密切相关。39例淋巴结结核病例中28例(71.8%)强化是以2种或2种以上形式联合存在,其余11例(28.2%)强化是以单一形式为表现。结论直径在1.0～<2.0cm大小的淋巴结结核依次以均匀强化、无强化、不均匀强化和环形强化为主要表现;直径≥2.0cm的淋巴结结核依次以不均匀强化、环形强化、均匀强化和无强化为主要表现。当淋巴结环形强化、分隔样强化时应考虑淋巴结结核的可能。

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the constrast-enhanced CT features and pathologic findings of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults. Methods 39 patients with 180 lymph nodes diagnosed as mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis by operation, mediastinoscopy and biopsy were evaluated on enhanced CT scan, including 20 men and 19 women. The median age of the patients was 26 years(range from 16-67 years). Results Five post-contrast patterns of enhancement were found: (1) inhomogeneous enhancement(28.3%,51 nodes); (2) peripheral rim enhancement(26.1%, 47 nodes); (3) homogeneous enhancement(25.0%, 45 nodes); (4)nonenhancement( 14.4%, 26 nodes); (5) separate enhancement(6.11%, 11 nodes); CT-pathologic correlation demonstrated that patterns of enhancement of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis were correlated with distribution of granulation tissue and caseous areas. 28 patients(71.8%) had a combination of enhancement patterns. 11 patients(28.2%) had a single enhancement pattern. Conclusion Constrast-enhanced CT appearance of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis for diameter of 1.0-2.0 cm was homogeneous enhancement, nonenhancement, inhomogeneous enhancement and peripheral rim enhancement; for diameter of ≥2.0 cm was inhomogeneous enhancement, peripheral rim enhancement, homogeneous enhancement and nonenhancement. Peripheral rim enhancement or separate enhancement can suggest a diagnosis of tuberculosis.