活性炭孔结构调节:理论、方法与实践

Porosity adjustment of activated carbon: theory, approaches and practice

活性炭的吸附性能主要由其孔结构和表面官能团决定,尤其是孔结构对活性炭的性能有时甚至有决定性的影响。因此,根据用途与应用领域对吸附剂性能的要求定向制备具有特定孔结构的活性炭的方法具有重大的意义。通过对活性炭制备过程中孔结构调控方法研究状况的评介,以期对深入理解孔结构对活性炭的意义、阐释孔结构调控机理和方法有所帮助,进而指导制备具有要求结构和性能活性炭的生产实践。

The adsorption capacity of activated carbons (ACs) is primary dependent on their porosity and functional groups on their surfaces, and in some cases the applications of ACs are eventually determined by their porous structure. Therefore, it is of great importance to research and develop methods for the preparation of ACs with a specific porosity which could meet the demands of their suggested application fields. A literature survey of the characterization of porous structure, the relationship between the porosity of ACs and their specifications, as well as principles and approaches to adjust their porosity is given in this paper with the aims of ( a) further understanding the significance of porosity in ACs, (b) elucidating mechanisms to regulate the porosity of ACs and (c) to thus make specifications for the preparation of ACs.