新疆北部地区囊型包虫病的流行现状

An epidemiological survey on current status of cystic echinococcosis in north Xinjiang,China

目的通过流行病学调查,确定本世纪初新疆北部地区囊型包虫病的流行态势及主要流行特征。方法选择在自然地理条件、民族组成、生产、生活条件等方面具有代表性的县、通过血清学调查确定居民包虫病的感染率;B 超普查确定患病率。通过屠宰场调查确定绵羊包虫病的患病率和通过粪抗原的检测确定家犬中细粒棘球绦虫成虫的感染率。以入户调查结合问卷调查确定居民养犬状况。对1991-2000年期间手术治疗的包虫病病例进行回顾性调查。对调查结果与以往资料进行比较分析。结果在5个县的调查点中.居民血清抗体的阳性率从18.3%至51.2%;包虫病的患病率从0.39%至3.01%,5个县的平均患病率为1.93%。家犬中成虫感染率从23.4%至34.8%。1岁龄绵羊患病率从43.7%至47.3%。两个县居民养犬户所占比例在40%以下,3个县在70%以上。1991-2000年期间额敏、木垒两县10年累计手术病例率各为337.31/10万和573.47/10万。结论与上世纪80年代相比,除布尔津县冲乎尔乡外,居民感染率和患病率、绵羊患病率、家犬感染率均处于高位,手术病例增加,表明北疆地区人、畜中的囊型包虫病在总体上处于稳定向上发展的流行态势,这与多年来除了在小范围内进行过包虫病防治试点工作外,没有进行过有计划的预防控制措施的实际情况是一致的。

Objective To determine the prevalent situation of cystic echinococcosis in north Xinjiang at the beginning of 21 century.Methods Five counties representative in the geographical conditions,the com- position of nationalities,the production and living characteristics were chosen as the pilots for investigation. The infection rate of cystic eehinococcosis in residents was detected by serological survey.The morbidity of hydatid disease in inhabitants was determined with ultrasonographic scan.The morbidity of echinococcosis in sheep was investigated in slaughter house and the infection rate of adult worm of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs was detected by copro-antigen determination technique.A retrospective survey on surgical treated cases with echinococcosis during 1991-2000 was carried out.Comparison of these messages with the data collected previously was made.Results The positive rates of specific IgG antibody in human ranged from 18.3% to 51.2% in different areas.The morbidity of hydatid disease in different areas varied between 0.39% to 3.01%, and the average rate of the disease in the five counties was 1.93%.The infection rate of E.granulosus adult worm in dogs was 23.4% to 34.8%.The morbidity of hydatid disease in lambs at age of≤1 year was be- tween 43.7% and 47.3%.The cumulative case rate within the period frmn 1991 to 2000 was 337/100 000 and 573/100 000 in the Emin county and in the Mulei county respectively.Conclusion Comparison of the information with the data collected preciously demonstrates that the transmission of cystic echinococcosis in man and livestock has been incrcasing steadily in north Xinjiang at the beginning of twenty first century.