朝鲜吴庆元《小华外史》考论

On XIAO HUA WAI SHI by the Konean Historian O King Won

《小华外史》一书,1 9世纪朝鲜吴庆元父子编撰。“小华”,即“小中华”,指朝鲜王朝。明朝灭亡以后,朝鲜君臣上下多有崇祀明朝之举,同时编修了大量追述和思念明朝的史书。本书就是在这种政治文化背景中产生,内容是记载朝鲜王朝与明朝的历来关系,而在明朝灭亡以后,则详述朝鲜举国怀思明朝、祭奠明朝皇帝和优礼明朝遗民及其后裔的史实。吴庆元父子用了几乎半个世纪的时间才把其编成。全书征引史料十分丰富,参考了明、清、朝鲜以及日本的史料1 80余种,几乎每条史料都标明出处,史学方法严谨扎实,学术视野广阔。在思想上大倡尊周思明理念,宣扬尊王攘夷、尊明贬清观念,将清朝视作夷狄。此书之编撰在清朝已经统治二百余年之后,是值得注意的史学现象,对于研究明清时期的中朝关系具有重要的参考价值。

Xiaohua waishi is a Choson history book written by Wu Qingyuan and his son in the 19 th century. Xiaohua means Choson dynasty as the little China. Choson Kings and ministers had done many things to commemorate Ming dynasty as well as compiling many Ming history books after Ming was overturned in 1644. Under this king political and cultural background,this book focused on the tributary relations between Choson and Ming dynasty and Choson's commemorate activities about Ming dynasty. This book cited more than 180 history books from Choson,Ming-Qing China and Japan while every material had been given its original source. The author advocated strongly the ideas of revering the Zhou and longing for the Ming,regarding the Qing as a barbarian. It is worth careful study that this book complied after Qing replaced Ming more than 200 years and it is worthy for the study on Sino-Korean relations during Ming-Qing period.