敦煌石窟北朝菩萨的头冠

A Study of The Bodhisattva's Diadems of The Northern Dynasties at The Dunhuang Grottoes

本文通过对敦煌石窟北朝时期菩萨头冠的考察,划分出束发型、三面冠型、花蔓冠型、三角形(山形)冠型等类型,并对各种类型的源流进行探讨,指出印度、中亚的影响,以及波斯萨珊风格传入北魏平城后再影响到敦煌的史实。

By an extend investigation on the site of the Dunhuang Grottoes and a careful study of the images of Bodhisattvas dating from the Northern Dynasties, the specific types of presentations of the Bodhisattva's diadems are catalogued into groups as the following: the headdress in a piled-high-up chignon; a truncated pyramid diadem with three-side-facets; a crown of configuration swag medallions and the gable-ridge diadem. This article makes a detail discussion on the creative origin of each diadem for Bodhisattva and the exotic flavor and artistic elements found in execution. Each of Bodhisattvas' diadems conveys certain influence under Indian, the Central Asia . And this article also traced back the way of how the Dunhuang Grottoes received the influence of the Sassanid art style over under the connection with Ping-cheng, one of the three capital cities of the Northern Wei Dynasty since the proofed historic facts of the close communication existing between the two empires of the Northern Wei and Sassanidae.