青少年自杀相关问题及影响因素分析

Survey on the youth suicide and its influencing factors

目的了解在校青少年学生的自杀意念、自杀计划、对自杀的态度现状,探讨自杀意念产生的原因,为自杀行为的早期干预提供依据。方法采用整群、随机抽样原则,对900名学生进行调查,得到有效问卷737份。并对自杀意念产生的影响因素进行分析。结果自杀意念发生率为17.64%;自杀计划发生率为2.71%;29.72%的学生对自杀行为持不同程度的肯定态度;16.96%的学生对于身边流露出自杀念头的人会设法寻求他人帮助;33.38%的学生从未听说过有青少年心理热线;24.56%的学生从未接触过防止自杀的健康教育、69.74%的学生认为需加强相关内容的宣传教育;压力承受能力、家庭支持、睡眠质量、人际关系和朋友的支持、家族遗传史、学习压力、恋爱以及家庭成员病重是自杀意念产生的主要影响因素。结论青少年自杀问题不容忽视,应以学校为基础开展综合性心理危机干预,有效降低自杀意念的产生。

Objective To realize current status of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and attitude towards suicide, and to probe into the reasons and to provide basis for early interferences of suicidal behaviors. Methods 900 students were surveyed and 737 available papers were collected. Results The rate of suicidal ideation and suicidal plan were 17.64% and 2.71% respectively. 29.72% of the students conducted suicidal behavior; 16.96% of the students would find someone else to help the ones with suicidal ideation around them; 33.38% of the students had never heard of the psychological hotline for adolescences; 24.56% of the students had never been in touch with health education on preventing suicide; 69.74% of the students thought the education on relative knowledge should be emphasized. Ability of enduring pressures, supporting from family, quality of sleeping, relationship with others and supporting from friends, hereditary history of suicide, pressure from studying, loving affairs, and serious illness of family members were the main influencing factors of suicidal ideation. Conclusions The problem of suicide among adolescences should not be neglected. Multiple interferences of psychological crisis based on schools should be carried.