秦山核电厂周围居民1988～2000年呼吸系统病死因分析

Analysis on death caused by respiratory disease around Qishan nuclear power station in 1988-2000

目的:建立秦山核电厂周围20公里范围内居民健康状况数据库。方法:“居民死亡医学证明书”,结合回顾性调查,获取相关数据。结果:1988～2000年居民因呼吸系统疾病死亡居全死因首位,年均死亡率为218.49/10万(标化死亡率为154.72/10万);死因依次为支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘,标化死亡率为124.34/10万;肺恶性肿瘤标化死亡率为21.33/10万;肺炎标化死亡率为8.98/10万;尘肺标化死亡率为0.07/10万。肺恶性肿瘤占全恶性肿瘤死亡的20.99%。肺炎、肺恶性肿瘤、支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病死亡随着年龄的增加而上升,在40岁以后出现明显的峰值。支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘和肺炎的死亡总体呈下降趋势,肺恶性肿瘤则呈逐年上升趋势。结论:呼吸系统疾病已是居民的主要死因,秦山核电站在正常运行过程中排放的少量放射性物质没有对周围环境造成显著的影响。

Objective:To set up a database of residents' health status in range of 20 kilometers around the Qinshan nuclear power station. Methods:Combining with retrospective investigation, the relevant data were obtained from medical certification for residents' death reported by surveillance of all kinds of disease. Results:The death caused by respiratory system diseases occupies the first place of all causes of death and the average annual mortality rate is 218.49/100 000 (The standardized mortality ratio is 154.72/100 000)from 1988 to 2000.The causes of the death are arranged.Bronchitis ,Pulmonary emphysema and asthma are in the primary importance and the standardized mortality ratio is 124.34/100 000; Malignant tumour of the lung ranks the second and the standardized mortality ratio is 21.33/100 000; Pneumonia is the third and the standardized mortality ratio is 8.98/100 000 and the standardized mortality ratio of pneumoconiosis is 0.017/100 000.Death that malignant tumour of the lung causes accounts for 20.99% of the whole malignant tumour does .Mortality rate of respiratory system diseases, such as pneumonia, malignant tumour of the lung,bronchitis and so on rises with growth of the age and the obvious peak value will appear after 40 years old.Among 13 years, mortality rate of bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, asthma and pneumonia presents a downward trend.The whole mortality rate of malignant tumour of the lung shows a tendency to rise year by year.Conclusion:Respiratory system diseases have already been residents' main cause of the death , a small amount of radioactive material discharged in the course of normal running in Qinshan nuclear power station has not caused remarkable influence on the surrounding environment.