阻燃型聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究

Study on flame retarding polymeric nanocomposites

使用阻燃剂可避免火灾中聚合物燃烧所带来的危害,但常用阻燃剂存在阻燃效率低,燃烧时烟雾大,或对复合材料的力学性能产生不良影响等缺点。纳米阻燃剂具有高效、多功能、低烟、低毒、环保、填充量低等独特的优势,大大促进了阻燃型聚合物基复合材料的广泛应用,是阻燃剂材料的重点发展发展方向之一。一般来说,阻燃型纳米复合材料不但具有阻燃性,而且因纳米效应、纳米复合效应而具有优异的力学性能、热性能以及电性能等。本文综述了阻燃型聚合物基复合材料的最新研究进展。

The new developments and major results in the fields of flame retarding polymeric nanocomposites are reviewed. The incorporation of flame-retardants in a polymer can avoid a risk of combustion of the polymer in a fire.However,conventional flame retardants,such as halogenated,phosphorous,or metallic additives,have a number of negative attributes.For example,they usually impact the mechanical properties of the polymer or promote the polymer to produce much fume.The nanoparticles of flame-retardants have many advantages,such as great efficiency,functionality,reduced fuming,environmental friendliness and low loading,which promote the application of them in the polymeric composites.Therefore,it is expected that these nanocomposites exhibit the unusual combination of reduced flammability,improved physical properties,and thermostable properties and so on.