“大跃进”运动中的技术革命评析

Technological revolution during the Great Leap Forward Movement

在1958—1960年中国“大跃进”运动中,毛泽东对技术革命和技术革新概念作出的界定。在实施工业“鞍钢宪法”、农业“八字宪法”以及全国“双革四化”运动中,虽然取得了一定成效,但实际效果并不理想,存在着严重的弊端:其一,技术革命离开必要的投资和技术的培训,片面强调群众运动,造成人力、物力的巨大浪费;其二,把专家排斥在“群众”之外,造成技术开发主体与技术实践主体之间的矛盾,其三,大跃进中的所谓技术革新、技术革命无非是设计的简单化、小型化以及工艺的省略,并没有增加多少技术含量。

During the Great Leap Forward Movement in 1958-1960, Mao Zedong put forward his own idea about technological revolution and technological innovation in 'An Gang Constitution' of industry, 'Eight words Constitution' of agriculture. His idea had led to some achievements, meanwhile some serious negative effects as well. First, human power and resources were wasted greatly. Second, there was a separation between the technological development and technological practice. Thirdly, there were only some simplifying and minifying of the designs and omitting of technology without any more technical innovation in nature.