雅诗“正变”与天命观念的嬗变

Changes in the concept of God’s will revealed in “Zheng Bien” from “The Book of Songs”

同其他民族一样,中国哲学也经历了由神的哲学到人的哲学的转变。《诗经》大、小雅中的诸多诗篇,都印证了周人“天命”观念的嬗变,在思想史和宗教史研究上具有重要意义。周人敬畏“天命”,但不像殷人那样迷信并沉溺于“天命”,而是把“天命”作为王朝合理存在的依据。“正雅”中的“天”虽威严却藐远,先祖的人事功业在其中却显要而明朗;“变雅”中“天”的形象与周初的“天”又有很大不同。

Like all other philosophies, Chinese philosophy has also experienced changes from theology to the human philosophy. By examining the historical clues in the poem 'Zheng Bien' from 'The Book of Songs', it is seen that a number of poems in this book provided evidence to the fact that in Zhou Dynasty, there was a great weakening tendency in the belief of God's will'. In Zhou Dynasty people revered the God's will', but they did not have a blind faith in it. From 'Zheng Bien' it can be seen that even though God was still so prestigious, the contributions of common people's forefathers were given more importance. In the poem 'Bien Ya' it is more clearly shown that the traditional divinities had been weakened and human's roles became more important.