农用化学品在蔬菜生产中的使用及对地下水水质的影响——以河北省曲周县蔬菜生产区为例

Contamination of Nitrate in Groundwater in Vegetable Production Area——A Case Study in Quzhou County, Hebei Province

采用农户问卷调查、现场采样及测试分析等方法,研究了农用化学品在蔬菜生产中的使用及对地下水的影响。结果表明,2002年曲周县蔬菜生产中平均使用量为1650.4kg·hm-2,其中来自化肥的养分投入为1126.7kg·hm-2,农药使用量为22.73kg·hm-2。蔬菜生产中过量施用氮肥较严重,同时农药滥用现象也普遍,高毒农药甲胺磷、氧化乐果仍在大量使用。从2002年10月到2003年4月,对该区地下水的硝酸盐污染进行了3次取样监测,结果是地下水硝酸盐超标率为9.3%。本研究为规范蔬菜种植区的农用化学品施用提供了基础数据。

As little information available on pesticide and fertilizer uses and they impacts on groundwater quality in vegetable production areas to provide science-based guidance in formulating regulations and nutrient management strategies that address risks to human health and the environment, we have conducted a survey in vegetable fields in Quzhou County, North China Plain from 2002 to 2003. The data of fertilizer and pesticide uses on production of vegetables were collected from 120 farmers randomly using questionnaires. 299 groundwater samples were taken from wells in the region. In 2002, fertilizer application rate was 1 650.4 kg·hm-2, with application rate for chemical fertilizer was 1 126.7 kg·hm-2. Pesticide application dose was 22.73 kg·hm-2. Agrochemical use-frequency and quantities among farmers were discussed, and pesticide types and quantities were displayed in the present paper. Of the groundwater samples, 9.3% had the nitrate-N concentration higher than 10 mg·L-1 exceeding the drinking water standard established by official authorities, but mean nitrate concentrations were found to be 4.04 mg·L-1. The results showed that high fertilization rates in the vegetable production areas resulted in increasing nitrate contamination of groundwater and good farming practices for the agrichemical use should be formulate later.