汉字“示音度”的定量研究——浅谈汉语研究中的“家族论”

A Quantitative Study on Sound-representativity of Chinese Grams

作为汉字直接构件的“字符”分为三种:“声符”、“意符”和“标符”。形声字“声符”的功能是“准确表音”吗?为了回答此问题,本文简介了基于数据库的对汉字“示音度”的定量研究。统计结果表明:形声字“声符”的功能是“邻近示音”,而不是“准确表音”。文章给出了区别“声符”和“标符”的算式,并提出了“声符示音六边形”。最后讨论了在汉语研究中的“家族论”。

This paper introduces a quantitative study on sound-representativity of Chinese grams based on the Chinese gram data bank. The result of statistics shows that a phonotactic symbol prompts near pronunciation of a pictophonetic gram instead of indicating exact pronunciation of the pictophonetic gram. The paper gives the mathematical formula to distinguish a phonotactic symbol from a graphotactic symbol, and presents a hexagen showing sound-representativity of Chinese grams. Finally, the theory of family-resembility as an approach to Chinese studies is discussed.