“位”理论在现代汉语名词研究中的应用——评《现代汉语名词的多视角研究》

The Application of Emic Theory to the Chinese Noun Study

世界是物质的,物质是运动的,是人类的认知对象,也是语言表述的重要内容之一。与之相适应,任何语言都有名词和动词的区别,这是人类语言的共性。但不同的语言有着不同的表现形式,这是语言的个性所在。典型名词具有[+空间性][+离散性][+具体性]是语言的共性,但现代汉语中的部分名词又具有[+时间性][+程度性]是语言的个性。[+量化]是名词的共性,但究竟是要通过“数”还是通过“量词”表现又是语言的个性。对现代汉语名词的认识,由“对内具有统一性,对外具有排他性”到“连续统”“家族相似性”已是一大进步,而将语音学的“音位”概念映射到语法研究当中,并运用“音位”提取的原则和方法,概括[+名词性][+量]等“义位”并找到不同“位变体”的成因是汉语名词研究的一大突破和飞跃。

The world is made up of substance which is in constant motion. Correspondingly, it is universal that there is the distinction between noun and verb. However, peculiarity exists. That is, different language expresses it in different ways. Prototypical nouns possess the attributes such as , which is universal, while some nouns have the attributes of in some language, such as in Chinese. is universal while some language expresses it in number while others in quantifiers. Analogy exists between phonology and semantics. and are as a sememe, which are realized in the form of different variations. Take the study of Chinese nouns as example, big progress had been made in the early 1990s, that is the big jump from the classical category to the prototypical one. And now the great leap is made by Dr. Liu’s Multiple-perspective Study of Chinese Nouns, which finds out the motivation of the realization of sememes on the basis of large corpus and statistic.